Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Video Games Encourage Violent Behavior - 1177 Words

If you ask a person in any environment if video games in general provide something beneficial for the player, they will answer there isn’t any. If anything, they will comment video games encourage negative outcomes, such as obesity, aggressiveness, antisocial behavior and in extreme cases, addiction (Bavelier, Brain training: Games to do you good, 2013). Besides the fact that there is no correlational proof that video games encourage violent behavior, psychologists have proved that some good does come out of playing games. Video games, it seems, encourage positive brain plasticity. In the meeting hosted by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, scientist gathered to discuss way of using interactive technology, such as games, to boost brain activity (Bavelier, Brain training: Games to do you good, 2013). Their attention was sparked when they noticed the growing amount of data that demonstrates the level of cognitive superiority video games experts wield over n ovices in terms of their capacity of attention and perception. The scientist proposed that perhaps using video games as a tool for training the brain is a viable option if there was some sort of interrelationship between games and positive brain activity. Thus, various experiments were born out of this idea, one of which will become the focus of this paper. But first, we must define what brain plasticity is. According to BrainFacts.org, â€Å"brain plasticity (from the Greek word ‘plastos’ meaningShow MoreRelatedDo Violent Video Games Encourage Negative Behavior?1817 Words   |  8 Pages DO VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES ENCOURAGE NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN? HEATHER E. BANWART COMPOSITION II NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY November 13, 2014 Abstract The following paper is inspired by my own observations of my youngest child after he’s been playing a violent video game. The information gathered and presented in this paper is to show how violent video games may encourage negative behaviors in a child after exposure. There have been a number of studies conducted to support the argumentRead MoreComputer And Video Games : Friends Needed974 Words   |  4 PagesComputer and Video Games: Friends Needed Video games have existed for much longer than many young people are aware. For example, an individual would need to be over the age of 50 to remember the first time arcade games were available for play in a bowling alley or inside the entertainment building of a miniature golf course. Similarly, an age requirement of 40 would be required for a person to remember the first release of the Atari, which was usually seen at a friend’s home, or to remember theRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completing important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreBoom,Pow,Bang!: A Positive Outlook on Video Games Essay573 Words   |  3 PagesViolent video games have been impacting society in both positive and negative ways throughout the years.Since video games also have harmful elements,the question lingers should violent video games be banned or left alone? Video games have become a popular topic of interest to many people,not just the youth community.Video games,especially violent ones,are also a popular way of entertainment to many who enjoy the thrill of being involved in a story or event.Though there may be detrimentalRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreEssay on Numbing Violent Video Games934 Words   |  4 Pages Violent Video Games Did you know that video games aren’t just fun and games anymore? It may be influencing your child to hurt others. Video games are very enjoyable, but they are also very dangerous and unhealthy for children. More than 90% of children and adolescents play video games, the majority of those games contain violent content. However, this does not mean all types of video games are bad and that children will only develop bad habits from playing the video games. Video games can haveRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games has instigatedRead MoreNegative Impact of Media Violence on Children1704 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough entertainment violence is not new it wasn’t until the twentieth century that heavy doses of violence were made available to vastly everyone. Over the past one hundred years, as mass media has become more prevalent, it has also become more violent. In the earlier part of the twentieth century media such as motion pictures and radio provided entertainment for those who could afford them. Although these commodi ties were present few people considered them necessary for living. With the introductionRead More`` Not Here : If We re Truly Serious About Stopping Massacres Like1687 Words   |  7 Pagestake violent steps when they face these issues. Muller and other researchers claim that when incidents like ‘running amok’ are decreasing among Malay tribes, violence and killing in industrial societies were rising. In order to stop mass shooting and massacre it is important to eliminate evil from society. Argument presented by the Metcalf seems right and accurate because incidents of mass killings are driven by the evil residing inside the human brain. Increasing popularity of violent video gamesRead MoreHow Are Violent Video Games Affecting Young People? Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesplaying violent video games. These video games might seem like harmless fun, but what if the violence in these games is affecting the behavior of young players interacting with others? In a society driven by technology, video games are becoming more popular each and everyday. People of all ages enjoy video games in their free time; these games allow the player to become an athlete, a soldier, or a professional fighter at the tip of their fingers. The hugest problem with these video games is they

Friday, May 15, 2020

Example Of Technical Evaluation - 740 Words

Technical evaluation Norms The WJIII is a standardised sample consisting of 8818 individuals ranging in age from 2 to 90 years old and taken from over 100 geographically diverse communities from the U.S. and stratified to match the U.S. population. The sampling was selected based on community and subject variables such as community size, gender, race, education and occupation (Blackwell, 2001; Schrank et al., 2002). Reliablity Test reliability is the degree which an assessment tool produces consistent results the are free of measurement errors while test-retest reliability is the reliability of obtaining the same results twice over a period of time (Cozby Bates, 2015). Reliability for all tests except the timed and multi-point†¦show more content†¦The correlations between these tests and the WJIII are between the medium to high range suggesting that the WJIII is measuring cognitive and achievement abilities similar to these tests (Blackwell, 2001). Reviewers’ Comments Cizek (2003) in his mental measurements yearbook (MMY) review commented that the WJIII was developed according to relevant professional standards and provides excellent reliability and validity evidence. He agreed with the WJIII authors that they are justified in their claims that it provides more precise measures and wider coverage of cognitive abilities than found in other similar systems. However he highlights there is room for improvement particularly in the technical and examiners manuals, which would be improved if they included examples of Compusure outputs and interpretations and also specific examples of diagnostic indicator along with recommended interventions. He also noted that the content validity for the WJ ACH needed to be strengthened, as this was an area of weakness. Overall Cizek (2003) concluded that the WJ III is a superior psychometric instrument for those that require individual norm-referenced cognitive andShow MoreRelatedA Systematic Process Of Gathering, Interpreting, And Reporting Information822 Words   |  4 Pages 1. Research (McMillan, pg.5) Book Definition: â€Å"a systematic process of gathering, interpreting, and reporting information.† Technical Definition in my words: a recognized and orderly manner of obtaining data and organizing, analyzing and explaining the data so others can understand it and base decisions on it. Example: The survey provided a voluminous amount of data that was only useful after effective research efforts were performed to make it meaningful. 2. Quantitative (McMillan, pg. 11)Read MoreTechnical Evaluations and Competitive Pricing1467 Words   |  6 PagesTechnical and Cost or Price Evaluations and Price Reasonableness by for Fall 2013 The need for timely and accurate technical and cost or price evaluations and determinations of price reasonableness of multi-billion dollars bids is a critical part of the public sector procurement process. To determine what is involved, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature concerning the need for technical evaluations and factors to be used in determining the competitive range. An outline ofRead MoreProgram Planning Program Evaluation; Peace Domestic Violence Agency1087 Words   |  5 Pagesamp; Program Evaluation; PEACE Domestic Violence Agency HSM 270 Abstract The overall purpose of this paper is to compare program planning with program evaluation in a human service organization by describing how the two components are related. There will be examples of how program planning and evaluation interrelate with the PEACE Domestic Violence Agency scenario from Appendix B. We will also look at the technical and political aspects of program planning and evaluation that might encounterRead MoreProject Management Life Cycle1720 Words   |  7 Pagesadaptable for all types of projects and for all types of system developers and product groups. Additionally, different system development techniques will sometimes require different sets of rules for managing the resulting development activities. For example, a standalone- PC application product requires less detailed management control than a workstation product integrating other applications and running in a large networked environment. It is important to note that the PMLC and Product Development L ifeRead MoreSeen from the responsibilities definitions only, the objective shown in Figure 1 presents the800 Words   |  4 Pagesthe scope of the responsible authority actions in the evaluation. Nevertheless there are intrinsic limitations if people in charge of the operations and actions of the programs didn ´t use the information granted by the evaluations themselves and therefore the final result of social policy could very null or very restricted. Furthermore, if evidence in the prevailing context is unable to lead to action, its utility and the existence of an evaluation area is under doubt. As it is shown in the figureRead MoreThe Importance of Program Evaluation and Three Evaluation Models1606 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities and experiences. Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum helps student develop a broad range of knowledge, skills and attitudes which all contribute to the graduate’s employability (Finch Crunkilton, 1999). Technology in the 21st century is advancing rapidly fuelling the demand for a highly skilled workforce that is flexible and analytical as well as serve as driving forces for creativity, growth, critical thinking and lifelong learning. Technical vocational educationRead MoreThe Planning Processes at the Far West Elementary School: An Analysis931 Words   |  4 Pagesobjectives. The success of the project planned and the means in which it was executed are assessed through evaluations, which represent systematic assessment[s] of the processes and/or outcomes of a program with the intent of furthering its development and improvement (Office of Educational Assessment). The chart below reveals the stages of the planning process and the cyclic nature of evaluation. In other words, there are five stages of project planning, namely needs assessment and goal identificationRead MoreHeartland Company Essay772 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined in Table 1, they were quality, delivery, cost management, technical support and wavelength. The overall evaluation of a supplier was determined by its lowest scoring dimension. The evaluation system and the 2007 evaluations of New England Works and Midwest Bearings are summarized in Table 1. The New England Works Advantage: While both suppliers offered excellent quality, New England Works was rated higher in delivery, technical support and wavelength. Walter Walsh felt that these advantagesRead MoreHistory Of The Small Business Program1500 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will cover the various topics: the history of the small business program, explain the small business set-aside program, assess the dollar threshold for small business contracts, the purpose of source selection evaluation plan, and ranking of criteria for the scenario. History of the Small Business Program In 1932, President Hoover tried to mitigate the Great Depression by creating The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). The purpose of the RFC was to try to help businessesRead Morew3 Designing A Pay Structure Template 11626 Words   |  7 PagesMasters/Graduate 1) expert   4) expert          Degree of Technical Skills Impact of Job Task Complexity 1) zero 1) zero 1) zero 2) minimum 3) minimum 1) minimum 1) average 1) average 2) average 1) expert 1) expert   4) expert Task B: Rationale for Assigning Degrees and Calculation of Job Evaluation Points Explain the rationale for assigning degrees and calculating the job evaluation points and describe your selection of degrees. Job evaluation is the process of methodically establishing a structure

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Risk Management Plan Proposal - 986 Words

Risk Management Plan Proposal FIN/415 Background of organization Pepsi Co is a global food and beverage leader with net revenues of more than $65 billion (Pepsico.com, 2012). Pepsi Co began its life in the summer of 1893. In 1893 Caleb Bradham invented â€Å"Brad’s Drink† or Pepsi Cola as it is called today (Pepsistore.com, 2012). By 1898 Caleb Bradham bought a trade name of â€Å"Pep Cola† from a competitor who had gone out of business. On December 24, 1902 the Pepsi Cola Company was incorporated (Pepsistore.com, 2012). The following June the Pepsi Cola Syrup was registered with the US Patent Office for use in the fountain machines in the drug stores Caleb Bradham operated. After opening a second drug store†¦show more content†¦Financial reporting, forward financial reporting and audits are the key techniques that PepsiCo’s Board of Directors use in order to protect the associates, shareholders and stockholders from any substantial risk. Every market that PepsiCo is part of operates very uniquely, it is the responsibility of the Board of Directors and designated teams to ensure the operations, and transactions are compliant. Risk management techniques PepsiCo risk management techniques â€Å"ensure that risks are taken knowingly and purposefully† (PepsiCo, Inc. 2011 Annual Report, p 34). â€Å"At its most fundamental level, risk management involves identifying risks, predicting how probable they are and how serious they might become, deciding what to do about them and implementing these decisions† (Merna AL-Thani, 2008). The technique used by PepsiCo is a structured framework that eliminates risk when possible, reduces risk exposure, and transfers or retains risk when either is identified as the best option. â€Å"PepsiCo leverages an integrated risk management framework to identify, assess, prioritize, address, manage, monitor and communicate risks across the Company†(PepsiCo, Inc. 2011 Annual Report, p 34). This framework is outlined in the PepsiCo 2011 Annual Report as follows: †¢ PepsiCo’s Board of Directors- overseeing the Company’s risk assessment and mitigation †¢ The PepsiCo Risk Committee (PRC)- identify, assess, prioritize and address strategic and reputationalShow MoreRelatedaltex corp1408 Words   |  6 PagesAltex had to submit to the Army, within 60 days after contract award, a formal project plan for the two-year ATMP effort. Contracts at that time did not require a risk management plan be developed. A meeting was held with the project manager of RD to assess the risks in the ATMP effort. PM:  I m in the process of developing the project plan. Should I also develop a risk management plan as part of the project plan? Sponsor:  Absolutely not! Most new weapons systems requirements are established byRead MoreMartin Smith Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages Weatherstorm, his senior partner gave him three proposals to assess and evaluate. Martin’s task was to make a presentation about the advantages of the three data communication companies and come up with a credible recommendation on which of the proposals should Greenlane Group choose? The company’s existing portfolio has high risk options. They have been funding companies that requires huge amount of capital which increases the company’s risk. Also it was mentioned in the case that firm is experiencingRead MoreProject Planning, Execution And Closure Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesrejecting the vendor proposal, the manager would consider several factors such as vendor s background, financial position, relationship with others, technology provided in the project and market position etc. These factors would helpful for the manager to make effective decision making process as well as would also be supported manager to select right vendor for the project (Cohen Kalbaugh, 2008). Decision Affect the Overall Project: Selecting or rejecting the project proposal can affect the projectRead MoreAltex Corporation Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management Strategy Professor: Dr. Jaclyn Krause July 22, 2013 Risk is inherent in any project today, and project managers need to constantly assess risks and continually develop contingency plans to address them. In project management risk management plans are an essential part of project planning, and can often time occur well into the execution phase of a project. In the case of Altex Corporation the project manager is faced with the decision to develop a risk management plan on hisRead MoreAbstract. This Document Will Briefly Discuss Subjects And1361 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer questions related to the development of a Request for Proposal (RFP). First, the purpose of the Management Requirements Section will be discussed and its importance to the RFP. As well, different methods will be reviewed that ensure suppliers provide buyers with the right resources, in addition to managing the risk associated with low quality resources. Further, the complexity of training logistics is discussed in comparison buyer plans. The significance of cutov er is also discussed along withRead MoreHarvard Business Review- Revere Street Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesAfter analysis of Mr. Alexander’s proposal, it is obvious why he should take advantage of a real estate investment opportunity. The experience he would gain coupled with the added income would establish a solid foundation for making more investments in the future. To this end, however, I find Alexander’s plan for the Revere Street property falls short. A major deficiency is that his projections are almost entirely predicated on estimates and assumptions that are neither conservative nor reliableRead MoreHarvard Business Review Case- Revere Street1654 Words   |  7 PagesAfter analysis of Mr. Alexander’s proposal, it is obvious why he should take advantage of a real estate investment opportunity. The experience he would gain coupled with the added income would establish a solid foundation for making more investments in the future. To this end, however, I find Alexander’s plan for the Revere Street property falls short. A major deficiency is that his projections are almost entirely predicated on estimates and assumptions that are neither conservative nor reliableRead MoreRelationship Between Construction And Construction1208 Words   |  5 Pagesto present proposals for action clearly to people at an appropriate time and with the right level of detail for the degree of change, expenditure and risk involved. To ensure proposals are accurate and relevant to the stakeholders in construction, it has to be able to analyse and clearly meets client’s requirements, needs and specifications. It must be in an appropriate layout and design in accordance to construction industrial standards. The requirements must be outlined in the proposal providingRead MoreThe Risk Management Plan Is Not Required, When You Want And Neglect Timelines ( P512 )881 Words   |  4 PagesA risk management plan is not required, when you know you can spend as much as you want and neglect timelines (p512). This mentality about military spending is a perfect example of why the sponsor thinks the risk management plan is considered irrelevant. The sponsor does not want their limitations exposed to the Army. He feels that, they would lose the contract if the risks were exposed. I do not agree with this approach. It is extremely unethical and this decision could ruin the future success ofRead MoreDesign Phases : Design Phase941 Words   |  4 Pagesnot need to be too detailed at this stage. A broad proposal should give enough information about how the system will work and a cost estimate (Hawryszkiewycz, 1998, p. 70). Although some of the authors consulted, by focusing on the technology related aspects of this phase in their writing, seem to suggest the proposals should be created by the systems managers. Yeates et al. (1994, p. 186) suggest to involve the system users in creating the proposals and ensure they take ownership of the project and

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Effect Of Postimpressionists On The Next Generatio Essay Example For Students

Effect Of Postimpressionists On The Next Generatio Essay nPostimpressionism Postimpressionism was a movement in late-19th-century French painting that emphasized the artists personal response to a subject. Postimpressionism takes its name from an art movement that immediately preceded it: Impressionism. But whereas impressionist painters concentrated on the depiction of a subjects immediate appearance, postimpressionists focused on emotional or spiritual meanings that the subject might convey. Although impressionist artists interpreted what they saw, their approach nevertheless remained rooted in observation of the natural world. Postimpressionists conveyed their personal responses to the world around them through the use of strong, unnatural colors and exaggeration or slight distortion of forms. Postimpressionism can be said to have begun in 1886, the year that French painter Georges Seurat exhibited Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-1886), and to have ended in 1906, the year French painter Paul Czanne died. British art critic Roger Fry, however, coined the term postimpressionism, in 1910 when he organized an exhibition of French paintings at the Grafton Galleries in London. Fry is said to have been dissuaded from using the word expressionist to describe the work of Czanne, Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, and others, and to have finally declared: Oh, lets just call them post-impressionists; at any rate, they came after the impressionists. The term was firmly established when Fry held a second show of postimpressionist art at the Grafton Galleries in 1912. The PostimpressionistsThe painters most closely associated with postimpressionism all took part in Frys first exhibition: Czanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Matisse, and van Gogh. Although their styles differed greatly from one another, these artists shared an ability to communicate concepts, emotions, or personal sensation through their art. Unlike other postimpressionists, Paul Czanne did not create symbolic equivalents between elements of his paintings and particular emotions or concepts. Instead, Czanne, who began his career as an impressionist, felt that he could communicate the intensity of his personal sensation through his painted observations of nature. He repeatedly turned to traditional artistic subjects, such as landscapes, still lifes, and nude bathers. However, his rendition of these subjects was far from conventional. The first of Czannes three Large Bathers paintings (1894-1905) reveal the artists typical distortions of shape and color. The unnaturally blocky forms of the bathe rs bodies conform to the angularity of the trees that frame them. To unify different parts of the composition, he used shades of green, brown, and blue interchangeably in the depiction of sky, earth, flesh, and foliage. The unfinished quality of Czannes paintings and his choppy, unblended brushstrokes convey the immediacy of his personal experience. His technique appealed strongly to other postimpressionists seeking ways to evoke emotional responses in viewers. Seurat and van Gogh also drew their subjects from the world around them; Seurat concentrated primarily on the urban life of Paris, while van Gogh focused on rural scenes. The symbolist movement, a literary movement that stressed the expression of the artists inner vision as the purpose of art, influenced both artists, along with Van Goghs friend Paul Gauguin. While in Paris in 1886, Vincent van Gogh experimented briefly with neoimpressionism, but found its techniques too restrictive. Instead, he used broader brush strokes and incorporated large zones of single colors into his compositions. A former preacher, van Gogh gave his paintings a spiritual charge through technique, subject matter, and color. The thick, energetic brushstrokes in Crows in the Wheatfields (1890), which he painted just two and a half weeks before his suicide, suggest turbulence. Dark birds hover in a brilliant blue sky over golden fields. The infusion of black darkens the blue of the sky and evokes a mood of pessimism that seems to reflect the artists self-doubt and loneliness, which he described in letters to his brother. Impact of PostimpressionismAlthough the public initially derided exhibitions of postimpressionist paintings, postimpressionism had a major impact on later art. Soon after originating in France, postimpressionism attracted followers elsewhere in Europe, including James Ensor in Belgium and Edvard Munch in Norway. German expressionist painters, especially members of a group called Die Brcke, drew strongly on postimp ressionism in their use of unnatural colors and distorted forms to convey emotion. Czannes blocky figures and his use of color to build and unify a composition inspired Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and French artist Georges Braque in their development of cubism. Postimpressionisms most significant legacy is a change in attitude toward art making. By placing more value on the artists response to nature than on efforts to represent natures appearance, postimpressionists created the basis for many of the major art movements of the 20th century. Postimpressionisms emphasis on the subjective rather than objective qualities of an artwork continues to shape our understanding of modern art today. Paul Czanne(1839-1906)The French painter Paul Czanne, who exhibited little in his lifetime and pursued his interests increasingly in artistic isolation, is regarded today as one of the great forerunners of modern painting. Both for the way that he evolved of putting down on canvas exactly what his eye saw in nature and for the qualities of pictorial form that he achieved through a unique treatment of space, mass, and color. Czanne was a contemporary of the impressionists, but he went beyond their interests in the individual brushstroke and the fall of light onto objects, to create, in his words, something more solid and durable, like the art of the museums. Czanne was born at Aix-en-Provence in the south of France on Jan. 19, 1839. He went to school in Aix, forming a close friendship with the novelist Emile Zola. He also studied law there from 1859 to 1861, but at the same time he continued attending drawing classes. Against the implacable resistance of his father, he made up his min d that he wanted to paint and in 1861 joined Zola in Paris. His fathers reluctant consent at that time brought him financial support and, later, a large inheritance on which he could live without difficulty. In Paris he met Camille Pissarro and came to know others of the impressionist group, with whom he would exhibit in 1874 and 1877. Czanne, however, remained an outsider to their circle; from 1864 to 1869 he submitted his work to the official SALON and saw it consistently rejected. His paintings of 1865-70 form what is usually called his early romantic period. Extremely personal in character, it deals with bizarre subjects of violence and fantasy in harsh, somber colors and extremely heavy paintwork. Thereafter, as Czanne rejected that kind of approach and worked his way out of the obsessions underlying it, his art is conveniently divided into three phases. In the early 1870s, through a mutually helpful association with Pissarro, with whom he painted outside Paris at Auvers, he as similated the principles of color and lighting of Impressionism and loosened up his brushwork. Yet he retained his own sense of mass and the interaction of planes, as in House of the Hanged Man. In the late 1870s Czanne entered the phase known as constructive, characterized by the grouping of parallel, hatched brushstrokes in formations that build up a sense of mass in themselves. He continued in this style until the early 1890s, when, in his series of paintings titled Card Players (1890-92), the upward curvature of the players backs creates a sense of architectural solidity and thrust. The intervals between figures and objects have the appearance of live cells of space and atmosphere. Finally, living as a solitary in Aix rather than alternating between the south and Paris, Czanne moved into his late phase. Now he concentrated on a few basic subjects: still lifes of studio objects built around such recurring elements as apples, statuary, and tablecloths; studies of bathers, based upon the male model and drawing upon a combination of memory, earlier studies, and sources in the art of the past; and successive views of the Mont Sainte-Victoire, a nearby landmark, painted from his studio looking across the intervening valley. The landscapes of the final years, much affected by Czannes contemporaneous practice in watercolor, have a more transparent and unfinished look, while the last figure paintings are at once more somber and spiritual in mood. By the time of his death on Oct. 22, 1906, Czannes art had begun to be shown and seen across Europe, and it became a fundamental influence on the Fauvists, the cubists, and virtually all advanced art of the early 20th century. Czanne is not an easy man to love, but professors and painters adore him. Art critics lavish him with superlatives, including a prophet of the 20th century, the most sensitive painter of his time, the greatest artist of the 19th century, and the father of modern art. But hes not quite a household name, and his posters have never been best sellers at museum shops around the world. In fact, most non-professionals wouldnt stand a chance of recognizing a Czanne unless it was clearly labelled. Even then, theres no guarantee of appeal. Not that poster sales determine an artists stature, but they do reveal something about the accessibility of his work. Czannes pictures are restrained, impersonal and remote they dont have the gut-wrenching appeal of van Goghs portraits, even before he cut off part of his ear. They cant compete with Monets lush expanses of waterlilies or Renoirs sensuous women with their come-hither looks. And lets face it, bowls of fruit and the hills and trees of Provence, where Czanne spent most of his life, are a hard sell against the Tahitian backdrops of Gauguin, with or without the naked women. Czanne is an artists artist. He was obsessed with form rather than content, so subject matter was always secondary to the act of painting itself. He wanted the methods and skills of the painter to be more important than the image. That meant the subject of the painting couldnt be so dynamic as to overshadow the artists act of creation. The more he concentrated on this, the less viewer-friendly his works became. But that suited his personality just fine. His goal was not to have a mass audience or sales appeal, it was t o satisfy himself. Czanne was a brooding, complex man, given to rages, grudges and depressions. He had few friends, and those he had he alienated. Even when success finally caught up with him, he was dogged by feelings of inadequacy. Hurricane Gilbert EssayAfter Cubism, the world never looked the same again: it was one of the most influential and revolutionary movements in art. The Spaniard Pablo Picasso and the Frenchman Georges Braque splintered the visual world not wantonly, but sensuously and beautifully with their new art. They provided what we could almost call a Gods-eye view of reality: every aspect of the whole subject, seen simultaneously in a single dimension. The main influence for this art form probably came from Czannes style of reducing forms to their essential planes and geometric shapes. The Cubist movement in painting was developed by Picasso and Braque around 1907 and became a major influence on Western art. The artists chose to break down the subjects they were painting into a number of facets, showing several different aspects of one object simultaneously. The work up to 1912 is known as Analytical Cubism, concentrating on geometrical forms using subdued colors. The second phase, known as Synthetic Cubism, used more decorative shapes, stencilling, collage, and brighter colors. It was then that artists such as Picasso and Braque started to use pieces of cut-up newspaper in their paintings. An early 20th-century school of painting and sculpture in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing abstract form at the expense of other pictorial elements largely by use of intersecting often transparent cubes and cones. Czanne influenced cubism, the highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created pri ncipally by Picasso and Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature. Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously. this has been collected from various resources on the net ibiblio.org, among others